Data processing method and transmitting device

ABSTRACT

This application relates to the mobile communications field, and in particular, to a data processing technology in a wireless communications system. A data processing method includes: generating, by a transmitting device based on a stream of bits, one layer of modulation symbol sequence that includes N modulation vectors, any modulation vector A i  includes U modulation symbols, U≥2, N≥i≥1, and N is a positive integer; and processing, by the transmitting device, the modulation vector A i  by using a matrix B i  to generate a modulation matrix y i , each modulation matrix includes T elements in a first dimension, T is a quantity of space domain resources, T≥2, and the modulation matrix y i  is used to map the stream of bits stream onto the T space domain resources. According to the solutions provided in this application, space diversity can be implemented in code domain, so that transmission reliability is improved.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of International Application No.PCT/CN2017/108401, filed on Oct. 30, 2017, which claims priority toChinese Patent Application No. 201610978455.X, filed on Nov. 4, 2016,both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates to the communications field, and morespecifically, to a space diversity technology that is based on multipleaccess and that is in a wireless communications system.

BACKGROUND

With development of technologies, in technologies such as a sparse codemultiple access (SCMA) technology or an orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) technology, a plurality of terminal devices areallowed to share a same time-frequency resource for data transmission.That is, a transmitting device may perform coding and modulation on ato-be-transmitted stream of bits to generate a modulation symbolsequence, and send the modulation symbol sequence to a receiving deviceby using an air interface.

Currently, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is known,that is, the transmitting device and the receiving device may transmitdata through a plurality of antenna ports, so as to improve a systemcapacity and transmission reliability. Therefore, it is expected tocombine the multiple-input multiple-output technology with amultiplexing technology such as the sparse code multiple accesstechnology or the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology,so as to further improve performance of a communications system.

How to combine the multiple-input multiple-output technology with thetechnology such as the sparse code division multiple access technologyto improve system capacity and transmission reliability to the greatestextent is a problem that needs to be resolved urgently.

SUMMARY

According to a data processing method provided in embodiments of thisapplication, a space diversity gain can be used in code domain, so as toimprove communication reliability.

According to a first aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa data processing method. After processing a to-be-modulated stream ofbits, a transmitting device generates one layer of modulation symbolsequence, and processes the generated modulation symbol sequence byusing a matrix, to implement diversity processing.

The method includes: generating, by the transmitting device, one layerof modulation symbol sequence based on the stream of bits, where themodulation symbol sequence includes N modulation vectors, any modulationvector A_(i) includes U modulation symbols, U≥2, N≥i≥1, and N is apositive integer; and processing, by the transmitting device, themodulation vector A_(i) by using a matrix B_(i) to generate a modulationmatrix y_(i), where each modulation matrix includes T elements in afirst dimension, T is a quantity of space domain resources, T≥2, and themodulation matrix y_(i) is used to map the stream of bits onto the Tspace domain resources.

By mapping the one layer of modulation symbol sequence, the one layer ofmodulation symbol sequence can be sent through a plurality of antennaports, so that a space diversity gain is generated in code domain, andtransmission reliability is improved.

The foregoing matrices B_(i) used for modulation vectors can be the sameor can be different. Therefore, each modulation vector A_(i) can bemapped in more diversified manners by using different matrices B_(i), toadapt to different scenarios.

In a possible design, the modulation vector A_(i) includes V non-zeromodulation symbols. The matrix B_(i) includes T element sequences in thefirst dimension. At least one of the T element sequences is a non-zeroelement sequence, and the non-zero element sequence is an elementsequence that includes at least one non-zero element. The matrix B_(i)includes V non-zero element sequences in a second dimension, and U≥V≥1.

The processing, by the foregoing transmitting device, the modulationvector A_(i) based on the matrix B_(i) can be mapping the modulationvector A_(i) based on the matrix B_(i), so that the modulation symbolsequence can be corresponding to T space domain resources after mapping.

In a possible design, when the first dimension is a row and T=2, thetransmitting device maps the modulation vector A_(i) based on the matrixB_(i), and B_(i) is

$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}\mspace{14mu} {{{or}\mspace{14mu}\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}}.}$

In another possible design, when the first dimension is a row and T=2,the transmitting device maps the modulation vector A_(i) based on thematrix B_(i), maps A_(j) based on a matrix B_(j), i is not equal to j,N≥j≥1, and N≥2, where the B_(i) is

$\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix},$

and B_(j) is

$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$

In still another possible design, in addition to mapping the modulationvector A_(i) based on the matrix B_(i) and mapping the modulation vectorA_(j) based on the matrix B_(j), the transmitting device further maps amodulation vector A_(m) based on a matrix B_(m), where m is equal toneither i nor j, B_(m) can be

$\quad\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$

or B_(m) can be

$\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix},$

N≥m≥1, and N≥3.

In the foregoing possible designs, the U symbols include at least onenon-zero modulation symbol and at least one zero modulation symbol. Inanother possible design, the U modulation symbols may alternatively benon-zero modulation symbols.

According to a second aspect, an embodiment of this application furtherprovides another data processing method. A biggest difference from thefirst aspect lies in that a transmitting device may generate a pluralityof layers of modulation symbol sequences based on a stream of bits, andprocess the plurality of layers of modulation symbol sequences. The dataprocessing method includes: generating, by the transmitting device, Llayers of modulation symbol sequences based on the stream of bits, whereeach layer of modulation symbol sequence includes N modulation vectors,any modulation vector A_(i) ^(l) includes U modulation symbols, L is apositive integer and L≥2, N is a positive integer and N≥i≥1, U≥2, andl=1 . . . L; and processing, by the transmitting device, the modulationvector A_(i) ^(l) by using a matrix B_(i) ^(l) to generate a modulationmatrix y_(i) ^(l), where each modulation matrix includes T elements in afirst dimension, T is a quantity of space domain resources, T≥2, and themodulation matrix y_(i) ^(l) is used to map the stream of bits onto theT space domain resources.

Compared with the data processing method in the first aspect, in thedata processing method in the second aspect, the transmitting device maygenerate the plurality of layers of modulation symbol sequences based onthe stream of bits, and process the plurality of layers of modulationsymbol sequences.

In a possible design, the modulation vector A_(i) ^(l) includes Vnon-zero modulation symbols, and the matrix B_(i) ^(l) includes Telement sequences in the first dimension, where at least one of the Telement sequences is a non-zero element sequence, the non-zero elementsequence includes at least one non-zero element, the matrix B_(i) ^(l)includes V non-zero element sequences in a second dimension, and U≥V≥1.

When the first dimension is a row and T=2, the transmitting device mapsthe modulation vector A_(i) ^(l) based on the matrix B_(i) ^(l), andB_(i) ^(l) is

$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}\mspace{14mu} {{{or}\mspace{14mu}\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}}.}$

In another possible design, when the first dimension is a row and T=2,the transmitting device maps the modulation vector A_(i) ^(l) based onthe matrix B_(i) ^(l), maps A_(j) ^(l) based on a matrix B_(j) ^(l), iis not equal to j, N≥j≥1, and N≥2, where the B_(i) ^(l) is

$\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix},$

and B_(j) ^(l) is

$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$

In still another possible design, in addition to mapping the modulationvector A_(i) ^(l) based on the matrix B_(i) ^(l) and mapping themodulation vector A_(j) ^(l) based on the matrix B_(j) ^(l), thetransmitting device further maps a modulation vector A_(m) ^(l) based ona matrix B_(m) ^(l), where m is equal to neither i nor j, B_(m) ^(l) canbe

${\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}\mspace{14mu} {{or}\mspace{14mu}\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}}},$

N≥m≥1, and N≥3.

In still another possible design, the data processing method furtherincludes: superposing, by the transmitting device, the modulationmatrices y_(i) ^(l) that are respectively generated based on the Llayers of modulation symbol sequences, to generate a to-be-sent matrix,where the to-be-sent matrix includes T element sequences in the firstdimension, and the to-be-sent matrix includes i×U element sequences in asecond dimension.

According to a third aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa transmitting device, where the transmitting device has a function ofimplementing steps in the method design of the first aspect or thesecond aspect. The function can be implemented by hardware, or can beimplemented by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardwareor the software includes one or more modules corresponding to theforegoing function. The module can be software and/or hardware.

According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa transmitting device. The transmitting device includes a modulationprocessor, a transmitter, a controller/processor, a memory, and anantenna. The modulation processor is configured to perform the dataprocessing method according to the first aspect or the second aspect.The modulation processor processes a stream of bits to generate amodulation symbol sequence, and processes the generated modulationsymbol sequence based on a matrix, so as to support the transmittingdevice in implementing the solutions in the method designs of the firstaspect and the second aspect.

According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa computer storage medium, configured to store a computer softwareinstruction used by the foregoing transmitting device. The computerstorage medium includes a program for performing the foregoing aspects.

The transmitting device of the foregoing aspects can be a network sidedevice, for example, a base station, or can be a terminal side device.

Compared with the prior art, in the solutions provided in thisapplication, space diversity during resource mapping can be performedbased on a symbol sequence. This brings a diversity gain, therebyimproving communication reliability.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The following describes in more details the embodiments of thisapplication with reference to accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a possible communications networkaccording to this application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a data processing method according toan embodiment of this application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of codebook mapping according to anembodiment of this application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of modulation matrix mapping according toan embodiment of this application;

FIG. 5 is another schematic diagram of modulation matrix mappingaccording to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 6 is still another schematic diagram of modulation matrix mappingaccording to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of another data processing methodaccording to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of modulation matrix mapping andsuperposition according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of units of a transmitting deviceaccording to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of units of another transmitting deviceaccording to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitting deviceaccording to an embodiment of this application; and

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving deviceaccording to an embodiment of this application.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following clearly describes the technical solutions in theembodiments of this application with reference to the accompanyingdrawings in the embodiments of this application. Apparently, thedescribed embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of thisapplication. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinaryskill in the art based on the embodiments of this application withoutcreative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of thisapplication.

Terms such as “component”, “module”, and “system” used in thisspecification are used to indicate computer-related entities, hardware,firmware, combinations of hardware and software, software, or softwarebeing executed. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to,a process that runs on a processor, a processor, an object, anexecutable file, an execution thread, a program, and/or a computer. Asshown in figures, both a computing device and an application that runson a computing device can be components. One or more components mayreside within a process and/or an execution thread, and a component canbe located on one computer and/or distributed between two or morecomputers. In addition, these components can be executed from variouscomputer-readable media that store various data structures. For example,the components may perform communication by using a local and/or remoteprocess and based on, for example, a signal having one or more datapackets (for example, data from two components interacting with anothercomponent in a local system, a distributed system, and/or across anetwork such as the Internet interacting with other systems by using thesignal).

The embodiments are described in this application with reference to aterminal. The terminal may also be referred to as user equipment (UE),an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobilestation, a mobile console, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobiledevice, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communications device, auser agent, a user apparatus, or the like. The access terminal can be acellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP)phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant(PDA), a handheld device having a wireless communication function, acomputing device, another processing device connected to a wirelessmodem, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, or a terminal device ina future 5G network.

In addition, the embodiments are described in this application withreference to a network device. The network device can be a device usedby a network side to communicate with a mobile device, and the networkside device can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in global system formobile communication (GSM) or code division multiple access (CDMA), orcan be an NodeB (NB) in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA),or can be an eNB or evolved Node B (eNodeB) in long term evolution(LTE), a relay station or an access point, an in-vehicle device, awearable device, a network side device in a future 5G network, or thelike. In this specification, an example in which the network device is abase station is used for description.

In addition, aspects or features of this application can be implementedas a method, an apparatus or a product that uses standard programmingand/or engineering technologies. The term “product” used in thisapplication covers a computer program that can be accessed from anycomputer readable component, carrier or medium. For example, thecomputer-readable medium may include but is not limited to: a magneticstorage component (for example, a hard disk, a floppy disk or a magnetictape), an optical disc (for example, a compact disk (CD), a digitalversatile disk (DVD), a smart card and a flash memory component (forexample, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a card, astick, or a key drive). In addition, various storage media described inthis specification may indicate one or more devices and/or othermachine-readable media that are configured to store information. Theterm “machine-readable media” may include but is not limited to a radiochannel, and various other media that can store, contain and/or carry aninstruction and/or data.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communications system that uses adata processing method of this application. As shown in FIG. 1, thewireless communications system 100 includes at least a transmittingdevice 101 and a receiving device 102. The transmitting device 101includes at least two antennas. For example, the transmitting device 101includes transmitting antennas Tx₁ and Tx₂. The receiving device 102includes at least one antenna. For example, the receiving device 102includes a receiving antenna Rx₁. Although a limited quantity ofantennas are shown for the transmitting device 101 and the receivingdevice 102 in FIG. 1, both the transmitting device 101 and the receivingdevice 102 may use more antennas. A transmitting device that uses aplurality of antennas also has receiving capabilities of the pluralityof antennas; and a receiving device that uses a plurality of antennasalso has sending capabilities of the plurality of antennas. Theforegoing antenna can be a physical antenna or a logical port (which canbe referred to as an antenna port) corresponding to a reference signal.

The transmitting device 101 can be a network side device or a terminaldevice. When the transmitting device 101 is a network side device, thereceiving device 102 is a terminal device; or when the transmittingdevice 101 is a terminal device, the receiving device 102 is a networkside device.

FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a data processing method 200according to an embodiment of this application. The data processingmethod 200 is mainly applied to a transmitting device. The transmittingdevice can be a network device (for example, one of the foregoingnetwork devices). In other words, the method 200 can be applied todownlink transmission. Alternatively, the transmitting device can be aterminal device (for example, one of the foregoing user equipment). Inother words, the method 200 can be applied to uplink transmission. Asshown in FIG. 2, the data processing method 200 includes the followingsteps.

S201. A transmitting device generates one layer of modulation symbolsequence based on a stream of bits, where the modulation symbol sequenceincludes N modulation vectors, any modulation vector A_(i) includes Umodulation symbols, U≥2, N≥i≥1, and N is a positive integer.

S202. The transmitting device processes the modulation vector A_(i) byusing a matrix B_(i) to generate a modulation matrix y_(i), where themodulation matrix y_(i) includes T elements in a first dimension, T is aquantity of space domain resources used to transmit the stream of bits,T≥2, and the modulation matrix y_(i) is used to map the stream of bitsonto the T space domain resources. For example, the space domainresource can be an antenna or an antenna port. The following uses“antenna port” as an example for description.

According to the data processing method provided in this embodiment, thetransmitting device maps the one layer of modulation symbol sequenceonto T antenna ports and sends the one layer of modulation symbol thatis mapped, so that a space diversity gain can be generated in codedomain, and a bit error rate is reduced, thereby improving communicationreliability.

On a receiving device side, the receiving device receives a signal thatis from the transmitting device and that is obtained through mappingbased on the modulation matrix y_(i), and completes correspondingdecoding according to a modulation and coding scheme and a mappingmanner at each layer.

The following uses an example in which a terminal is used as thetransmitting device (that is, an execution body of the method 200 inthis embodiment of this application) to describe a procedure of theforegoing method 200 in detail.

First, step S201 is further described. In step S201, the transmittingdevice may process the stream of bits in a multiple access manner togenerate the modulation symbol sequence. The multiple access manner canbe one of the following orthogonal or non-orthogonal multiple accesstechnologies: a sparse code division multiple access SCMA manner, anorthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM technology, a frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA) manner, a time division multiple access(TDMA) manner, a code division multiple access (CDMA) manner, a patterndivision multiple access (PDMA) manner, a non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) manner, a multi-user shared access (MUSA) manner, or the like, sothat a communications system used in this embodiment of this applicationcan support a plurality of users. In the following, the SCMA is used asan example for description. In a system that uses the SCMA, thetransmitting device maps the stream of bits onto SCMA code words byusing multi-dimensional modulation and sparse spread spectrum, and thereceiving device completes decoding based on multiuser detection.

In the following, an SCMA codebook is first described as an example.FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of SCMA codebook mapping. TheSCMA codebook includes a zero symbol (a blank part) and a non-zerosymbol (a shaded part), and each SCMA codebook is distinguished by usinga position of the non-zero symbol. For ease of description, a factorgraph can be used to represent a correspondence between the codebook anda resource element (RE). Variable nodes (VN) are corresponding to thetransmitting devices that use different SCMA codebooks, and arerespectively represented by V1 to V6. Function nodes (FN) arecorresponding to different REs. When the VN is connected to the FN, itindicates that the transmitting device sends a non-zero modulationsymbol on a corresponding RE; or when the VN is not connected to the FN,it indicates that the transmitting device sends a zero modulation symbolon the corresponding RE. The foregoing uses six transmitting devices asan example to describe how to carry data of the six transmitting deviceson four resource elements.

One transmitting device may process the stream of bits by using a sameSCMA codebook to generate the one layer of modulation symbol sequence,or may process the stream of bits by using different SCMA codebooks togenerate the one layer of modulation symbol sequence. Optionally, themodulation vector A_(i) may include U modulation symbols, and the Umodulation symbols may include at least one non-zero modulation symboland at least one zero modulation symbol. For example, based on thedifferent SCMA codebooks that are used, a length of the modulationvector A_(i) in the modulation symbol sequence is 4, that is, U=4.Referring to FIG. 3, a modulation vector A_(i) that uses a codebook 1can be represented in a form of [x₁,0,x₃,0]; a modulation vector A_(i)that uses a codebook 2 can be represented in a form of [0,x₂,0,x₄]; amodulation vector A_(i) that uses a codebook 3 can be represented in aform of [x₁,x₂,0,0]; a modulation vector A_(i) that uses a codebook 4can be represented in a form of [0,0,x₃,x₄]; a modulation vector A_(i)that uses a codebook 5 can be represented in a form of [x₁,0,0,x₄]; anda modulation vector A_(i) that uses a codebook 6 can be represented in aform of [0,x₂,x₃,0]. It should be noted that, x₁, x₂, x₃, and x₄ in thisapplication are used to indicate that corresponding positions arenon-zero modulation symbols, and are not used to limit values of thenon-zero modulation symbols. In another implementation, the U modulationsymbols in the modulation vector A_(i) are non-zero modulation symbols.

When using the same SCMA codebook, the transmitting device sequentiallyprocesses, by using the SCMA codebook, a unit quantity (for example, twobits or four bits) of bits in the stream of bits to generate the onelayer of modulation symbol sequence. The one layer of modulation symbolsequence includes N modulation vectors, and each modulation vector iscorresponding to a unit quantity of bits. Because the unit quantity ofbits use the same SCMA codebook, positions of non-zero elements ingenerated modulation vectors are the same, that is, forms are the same.For example, the modulation vectors A_(i) can be represented in the formof [x₁,0,x₃,0], or can be represented in the form of [0,x₂,0,x₄], andthis is not limited in this application.

When using different SCMA codebooks, the transmitting devicesequentially processes, by using the different SCMA codebooks, a unitquantity of bits in the stream of bits to generate the one layer ofmodulation symbol sequence. The plurality of SCMA codebooks can be usedin a cyclically manner, or can be used in a random manner. The one layerof modulation symbol sequence includes N modulation vectors, and eachmodulation vector is corresponding to a unit quantity of bits. Becausethe unit quantity of bits use different SCMA codebooks, the positions ofthe non-zero modulation symbols in generated modulation vectors aredifferent, that is, the forms are different. For example, a modulationvector A_(i) can be represented in the form of [x₁,0,x₃,0], and amodulation vector A₂ can be represented in the form of [0,x₂,0,x₄]. Thisis not limited in this application.

In step S220, the transmitting device processes the modulation vectorA_(i) by using the matrix B_(i) to generate the modulation matrix y_(i),where the modulation matrix y_(i) includes T elements in the firstdimension. T is a quantity of antenna ports used to transmit the streamof bits, and the modulation matrix y_(i) is used to map the stream ofbits onto the T antenna ports.

Specifically, the transmitting device performs mapping by using thematrix B_(i) to generate the modulation matrix y_(i), where themodulation matrix y_(i) includes T elements in the first dimension. Inother words, the modulation matrix y_(i) includes T element sequences inthe first dimension. Each element sequence is corresponding to anantenna port, so that the modulation matrix y_(i) is mapped onto the Tantenna ports. In this way, by performing mapping by using the matrixB_(i), the space diversity gain in code domain can be obtained based onthe modulation vector A_(i), and the bit error rate is reduced.

In the following, the matrix B_(i) is described. Dimensions of thematrix B_(i) include a row and a column. The first dimension can be arow of the matrix B_(i), and the second dimension is a column of thematrix. Alternatively, the first dimension can be a column of thematrix, and the second dimension can be a row of the matrix. This is notspecifically limited. In this embodiment of this application, the firstdimension is a row of the matrix B_(i), and the second dimension is acolumn of the matrix B_(i).

A quantity of elements that are included in at least one dimension(which is the first dimension in this implementation) of each matrixB_(i) is T, so that at least one dimension of the modulation matrixy_(i) obtained after mapping includes T element sequences. Optionally,at least one of the T element sequences is a non-zero element sequence,and the non-zero element sequence is an element sequence that includesat least one non-zero element.

In the second dimension, the matrix B_(i) may include element sequenceswhose quantity is different from the quantity of the modulation symbolsin the modulation vector A_(i) (case 1). Alternatively, in the seconddimension, the matrix B_(i) may include element sequences whose quantityis the same as the quantity of the modulation symbols in the modulationvector A_(i) (case 2). The following describes the two cases separately.

Case 1:

The matrix B_(i) includes V element sequences in the second dimension,and the V element sequences are non-zero element sequences. All thenon-zero element sequences are corresponding to all non-zero modulationsymbols in the modulation vector A_(i).

For example, the modulation vector A_(i) is represented in the form of[x₁,0,x₃,0], and T=2 (that is, two antenna ports). The matrix B_(i) canbe

$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix},$

and in this case, all the modulation vectors use the same B_(i). It canbe learned that, the matrix B_(i) is a diagonal matrix; and the matrixB_(i) includes two element sequences (that is, T=2) in the row, whichare corresponding to the two antenna ports. The matrix B_(i) includestwo element sequences in the column, where the two element sequences arenon-zero element sequences and are corresponding to two non-zeromodulation symbols in the modulation vector A_(i). Through the foregoingprocess, [x₁,0,x₃,0] is mapped onto element sequences corresponding totwo antenna ports.

Next, a mapping process is further described by using [x₁,0,x₃,0] as anexample. In the following mapping process, a formula Q=map (R, C) isused, where R is a row vector, Q and C are matrices, and a quantity ofcolumns of R is equal to a quantity of rows of C. The mapping operationis specifically as follows: Each column of Q is obtained by pointmultiplying each column vector of a transposed R by each column vectorof C.

First, the transmitting device selects non-zero modulation symbols[x₁,x₃] from [x₁,0,x₃,0], and generates the following matrix based on amatrix

$B_{i} = {\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}\text{:}}$

${A_{i}^{\prime} = {\begin{bmatrix}x_{1} & 0 \\0 & x_{3}\end{bmatrix} = {{map}\left( {\left\lbrack {x_{1},x_{3}} \right\rbrack,\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}} \right)}}};$

-   -   that is, a first column and a second column of A′_(i) are        respectively obtained by point multiplying a transposed row        vector [x₁,x₃] by a first column

$\begin{bmatrix}1 \\0\end{bmatrix}\quad$

of B_(i) and by point multiplying the transposed row vector [x₁,x₃] by asecond column

$\quad\begin{bmatrix}0 \\1\end{bmatrix}$

of B_(i), and the following mapping operations are similar to this.Zeros are added to the matrix A′_(i) based on positions of zeromodulation symbols in [x₁,0,x₃,0] to generate a modulation matrix:

$y_{i} = {\begin{bmatrix}x_{1} & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & x_{3} \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}.}$

The modulation matrix y_(i) includes two columns of elements, and thetransmitting device maps the two columns of elements onto the twoantenna ports. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of resource mapping of themodulation matrix y_(i). Elements of the first column in the y_(i) aremapped onto resource elements RE #1 to RE #4 that are corresponding toTx₁, and elements of the second column are mapped onto resource elementsRE #1 to RE #4 that are corresponding to Tx₂. In another implementation,the elements of the first column in y_(i) can be alternatively mappedonto Tx₂, and the elements of the second column can be alternativelymapped onto Tx₁.

Optionally, the matrix B_(i) can alternatively be

$\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$

First, the transmitting device selects the non-zero modulation symbols[x₁,x₃] from [x₁,0,x₃,0], and generates the following matrix based onthe matrix B_(i):

${A_{i}^{\prime} = {\begin{bmatrix}0 & x_{1} \\x_{3} & 0\end{bmatrix} = {{map}\left( {\left\lbrack {x_{1},x_{3}} \right\rbrack,\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}} \right)}}};$

zeroes are added to the matrix A′_(i) based on the positions of the zeromodulation symbols in [x₁,0,x₃,0] to generate a modulation matrix:

$y_{i} = {\begin{bmatrix}0 & x_{1} \\0 & 0 \\x_{3} & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}.}$

The modulation matrix y_(i) includes two columns of elements, and thetransmitting device maps the two columns of elements onto the twoantenna ports. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of resource mapping of themodulation matrix y_(i).

In some other implementations, the transmitting device may alternativelyprocess the one layer of modulation symbol sequence by circulating twomatrices B_(i) and B_(j). Forms of the processed modulation vectors canbe the same or can be different, and this is not limited herein.Specifically, the transmitting device processes the modulation vectorA_(i) based on the matrix B_(i), and processes the modulation vectorA_(j) based on the matrix B_(j), where the B_(i) and the B_(j) aredifferent, i is not equal to j, N≥j≥1, and N≥2. In the following, twomodulation vectors A_(i) and A_(j) at the one layer of modulation symbolsequence that is generated by using the same codebook are used as anexample for description, a position relationship between the twomodulation vectors A_(i) and A_(j) can be adjacent or non-adjacent.Forms of the two modulation vectors A_(i) and A_(j) can be the same orcan be different. In the following, adjacent modulation vectors A_(i)and A_(j) that are in a same form are used as an example fordescription.

Specifically, the transmitting device maps the modulation vector A_(i)by using the matrix B_(i), and maps the modulation vector A_(j) by usingthe matrix B_(j), where the two modulation vectors A_(i) and A_(j) arerepresented in the form of [x₁,0,x₃,0].

For the modulation vector A_(i), the transmitting device selects thenon-zero modulation symbols [x₁,x₃] from [x₁,0,x₃,0], and generates thefollowing matrix based on a matrix

$B_{i} = {\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}:}$

${A_{i}^{\prime} = {\begin{bmatrix}x_{1} & 0 \\x_{3} & 0\end{bmatrix} = {{map}\left( {\left\lbrack {x_{1},x_{3}} \right\rbrack,\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}} \right)}}};$

and

the transmitting device adds zeros to the matrix A′_(i) based on thepositions of the zero modulation symbols in [x₁,0,x₃,0] to generate amodulation matrix:

$y_{i} = {\begin{bmatrix}x_{1} & 0 \\0 & 0 \\x_{3} & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}.}$

The modulation matrix y_(i) includes two columns of elements, and thetwo columns of elements are mapped onto the two antenna ports. Elementsof a first column in the y_(i) are mapped onto resource elements RE #1to RE #4 corresponding to Tx₁, and elements of a second column aremapped onto resource elements RE #1 to RE #4 corresponding to Tx₂.

For the modulation vector A_(j), the transmitting device selectsnon-zero modulation symbols [x₁,x₃] from the modulation vector A_(j),and generates the following matrix based on a matrix

$B_{j} = {\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}:}$

${A_{j}^{\prime} = {\begin{bmatrix}0 & x_{1} \\0 & x_{3}\end{bmatrix} = {{map}\left( {\left\lbrack {x_{1},x_{3}} \right\rbrack,\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}} \right)}}};$

and

the transmitting device adds zeroes to the matrix A′_(j) based on thepositions of the zero modulation symbols in [x₁,0,x₃,0] to generate thefollowing modulation matrix:

$y_{j} = {\begin{bmatrix}0 & x_{1} \\0 & 0 \\0 & x_{3} \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}.}$

The modulation matrix y_(j) includes two columns of elements, and thetwo columns of elements are mapped onto the two antenna ports. Elementsof a first column in the y_(j) are mapped onto resource elements RE #5to RE #8 corresponding to Tx₁, and elements of a second column aremapped onto resource elements RE #5 to RE #8 corresponding to Tx₂.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of resource mapping of the modulationmatrices y_(i) and y_(j) in this implementation.

In another implementation, based on the foregoing manner of circulatingthe matrices B_(i) and B_(j), the transmitting device may alternativelymap a modulation vector A_(m) based on another matrix B_(m), where m isequal to neither i nor j, N≥m≥1, and N≥3. B_(m) is

$\quad\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$

or B_(m) is

$\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$

The transmitting device can map each modulation vector in the modulationsymbol sequence by circulating three matrices B_(i), B_(j), and B_(m).For example, the transmitting device maps the modulation vector A_(i) byusing the matrix B_(i), maps the modulation vector A_(j) by using thematrix B_(j), and maps the modulation vector A_(m) by using the B_(m).After completing a cycle, the transmitting device continues to process amodulation vector following the modulation vector A_(m) by using thematrix B_(i). In another implementation, the transmitting device mayalternatively process the one layer of modulation symbol sequence byusing the foregoing four or more matrices.

Case 2:

The matrix B_(i) includes U element sequences in a second dimension,where the U element sequences are corresponding to the U modulationsymbols in the modulation vector A_(i). The U element sequences includeV non-zero element sequences, and positions of the V non-zero elementsequences in the U element sequences are the same as positions of the Vnon-zero modulation symbols in the U modulation symbols.

[x₁,0,x₃,0] and the two antenna ports (T=2) are used as an example. Thematrix B_(i) can be

$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$

The matrix B_(i) includes two element sequences in a first dimension (inthis implementation, the first dimension is a row), which arecorresponding to the two antenna ports; and the matrix B_(i) includesfour element sequences in the second dimension (in this implementation,the second dimension is a column), where a first row and a third row aretwo non-zero element sequences, which are corresponding to two non-zeromodulation symbols.

The matrix B_(i) is further described in the following. The matrix B₁ isobtained, based on positions of zero elements in [x₁,0,x₃,0], by addingzeros to a diagonal matrix

$\quad{\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix},}$

so that non-zero modulation symbols in [x₁,0,x₃,0] can be mapped ontodifferent antenna ports. Optionally, the matrix B_(i) can bealternatively obtained based on an inverse diagonal matrix

$\quad\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}$

or a combination of

$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}\mspace{14mu} {{{and}\mspace{14mu}\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}}.}$

Table 1 lists example matrices that can be used by modulation vectors indifferent forms.

TABLE 1 Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 (Option 1) (Option 2)(Option 3) (Option 4) [x₁, 0, x₃, 0] $\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$ $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$ A combination of $\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}{\quad\mspace{14mu} {and}}$ A combination of options 1and 3, or a combination of options 2 and 3, or a combination of options1, 2, and 3 $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$ [0, x₂, 0, x₄] $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}\quad$ $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$ A combination of $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}{\quad\mspace{14mu} {and}}$ A combination of options 1and 3, or a combination of options 2 and 3, or a combination of options1, 2, and 3 $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}\quad$ [x₁, x₂, 0, 0] $\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$ $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$ A combination of $\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}{\quad\mspace{14mu} {and}}$ A combination of options 1and 3, or a combination of options 2 and 3, or a combination of options1, 2, and 3 $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$ [0, 0, x₃, x₄] $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}\quad$ $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$ A combination of $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}{\quad\mspace{14mu} {and}}$ A combination of options 1and 3, or a combination of options 2 and 3, or a combination of options1, 2, and 3 $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}\quad$ [x₁, 0, 0, x₄] $\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}\quad$ $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$ A combination of $\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}{\quad\mspace{14mu} {and}}$ A combination of options 1and 3, or a combination of options 2 and 3, or a combination of options1, 2, and 3 $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}\quad$ [0, x₂, x₃, 0] $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$ $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$ A combination of $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}{\quad\mspace{14mu} {and}}$ A combination of options 1and 3, or a combination of options 2 and 3, or a combination of options1, 2, and 3 $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}\quad$

For example, the modulation vector A_(i) is represented in the form of[x₁,0,x₃,0]. When the matrix B_(i) uses the option 1, the transmittingdevice generates a modulation matrix based on the matrix B_(i):

$y_{i} = {\begin{bmatrix}x_{1} & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & x_{3} \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix} = {{map}\; {\left( {\left\lbrack {x_{1},0,x_{3},0} \right\rbrack,\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}} \right).}}}$

The transmitting device maps two columns of elements of the modulationmatrix y_(i) onto the two antenna ports.

When the matrix B_(i) uses the option 2, the transmitting devicegenerates a modulation matrix based on the matrix B_(i):

$y_{i} = {\begin{bmatrix}0 & x_{1} \\0 & 0 \\x_{3} & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix} = {{map}\; {\left( {\left\lbrack {x_{1},0,x_{3},0} \right\rbrack,\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}} \right).}}}$

The transmitting device maps two columns of elements of the modulationmatrix y_(i) onto the two antenna ports.

When the option 3 is used, the transmitting device maps two adjacent ornon-adjacent modulation vectors A_(i) and A_(j) in the modulation symbolsequence in a circulating manner.

In the following, two adjacent modulation vectors that are representedin a form of [x₁,0,x₃,0] are used as an example for further description.

The transmitting device processes the modulation vector A_(i) by usingthe matrix B_(i) to generate a modulation matrix:

$y_{i} = {\begin{bmatrix}x_{1} & 0 \\0 & 0 \\x_{3} & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix} = {{map}\; {\left( {\left\lbrack {x_{1},0,x_{3},0} \right\rbrack,\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 0 \\1 & 0 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}} \right).}}}$

The transmitting device maps two columns of elements of the modulationmatrix y_(i) onto the two antenna ports.

The transmitting device maps the modulation vector A_(j) based on thematrix B_(j) to generate a modulation matrix:

$y_{j} = {\begin{bmatrix}0 & x_{1} \\0 & 0 \\0 & x_{3} \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix} = {{map}\; {\left( {\left\lbrack {x_{1},0,x_{3},0} \right\rbrack,\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 0 \\0 & 1 \\0 & 0\end{bmatrix}} \right).}}}$

The transmitting device maps two columns of elements of the modulationmatrix y_(j) onto the two antenna ports.

Another embodiment of this application is further described below withreference to FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is another data processing method according to an embodiment ofthis application. A difference from the data processing method 200 shownin FIG. 2 lies in that, according to the data processing method, aplurality of layers of modulation symbol sequences can be generated andprocessed based on a stream of bits.

Step S701: A transmitting device generates L layers of modulation symbolsequences based on a stream of bits, where each layer of modulationsymbol sequence includes N modulation vectors, any modulation vectorA_(i) ^(l) includes U modulation symbols, L is a positive integer andL≥2, N is a positive integer and N≥i≥1, U≥2, and l=1 . . . L.

In an example, the transmitting device separately generates the L layersof modulation symbol sequences by using L codebooks, for example,generates six layers of modulation symbol sequences by using the sixcodebooks shown in FIG. 3. In another example, the transmitting devicemay separately generate L layers of modulation symbol sequences by usingL codebook combinations, where the L codebook combinations includedifferent codebooks. For each layer of modulation symbol sequence, fordetails about the modulation vector A_(i) ^(l), refer to the descriptionof the modulation vector A_(i) in step S201 shown in FIG. 2. Details arenot described herein again.

Step S702: The transmitting device processes A_(i) ^(l) by using amatrix B_(i) ^(l) to generate a modulation matrix y_(i) ^(l), where eachmodulation matrix includes T elements in a first dimension, T is aquantity of space domain resources, T≥2, and the modulation matrix y_(i)^(l) is used to map the stream of bits onto the T space domainresources.

According to the data processing method, the transmitting device maygenerate the plurality of layers of modulation symbol sequences based onthe stream of bits, and process the plurality of layers of modulationsymbol sequences to provide a space diversity gain.

In an example, the U modulation symbols include at least one non-zeromodulation symbol and at least one zero modulation symbol. Morespecifically, the modulation vector A_(i) ^(l) includes V non-zeromodulation symbols, where U≥V≥1. The matrix B_(i) ^(l) includes Telement sequences in the first dimension, where at least one of the Telement sequences is a non-zero element sequence, and the non-zeroelement sequence includes at least one non-zero element. The matrixB_(i) ^(l) includes V non-zero element sequences in a second dimension.

When the first dimension is a row and the transmitting device has twoantenna ports (that is, T=2), the transmitting device maps themodulation vector A_(i) ^(l) based on the matrix B_(i) ^(l), where B_(i)^(l) is

$\quad\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$

or B_(i) ^(l) is

$\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$

In another example, the transmitting device maps the modulation vectorA_(i) ^(l) based on the matrix B_(i) ^(l), maps A_(j) ^(l) based on amatrix B_(j) ^(l), i is not equal to j, N≥j≥1, and N≥2, where B_(i) ^(l)is

$\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix},$

and B_(j) ^(l) is

$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$

In still another example, in addition to mapping the modulation vectorA_(i) ^(l) based on the matrix B_(i) ^(l) and mapping the modulationvector A_(j) ^(l) based on the matrix B_(j) ^(l), the transmittingdevice further maps a modulation vector A_(m) ^(l) based on a matrixB_(m) ^(l), where m is equal to neither i nor j, B_(m) ^(l) can be

$\quad\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$

or B_(m) ^(l) can be

$\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix},$

N≥m≥1, and N≥3.

For more detailed implementation of step 702, refer to the relateddescription of step 202 shown in FIG. 2. Details are not describedherein again.

Optionally, the data processing method further includes step 703: Thetransmitting device superposes the modulation matrices y_(i) ^(l) thatare respectively generated based on the L layers of modulation symbolsequences, to generate a to-be-sent matrix. The to-be-sent matrixincludes T element sequences in the first dimension, and the to-be-sentmatrix includes i×U element sequences in a second dimension. FIG. 8 is aschematic diagram of superposing the modulation matrices y_(i) ¹ andy_(i) ² that are respectively generated based on two layers ofmodulation symbol sequences.

It should be noted that, the data processing method for generating onelayer of modulation symbol sequence is commonly performed by a terminal.In other words, the data processing method is applied to uplinktransmission. In some cases, if the system 100 includes a plurality ofterminals, when the plurality of terminals send data or signals to asame network side device, the signals can be superposed duringpropagation. The data processing method for generating a plurality oflayers of modulation symbol sequences are commonly performed by thenetwork side device. In other words, the data processing method isapplied to downlink transmission. It can be understood that, theforegoing description is merely used as an example, and is not used as alimitation on this application.

The foregoing mainly describes the solutions provided in this embodimentof this application from a perspective of a transmitting device, wherethe transmitting device can be user equipment such as the terminal, orcan be the network side device such as a base station. It can beunderstood that, to implement the foregoing functions, each networkelement such as the terminal or the base station includes acorresponding hardware structure and/or software module for performingeach function. A person of ordinary skill in the art should be easilyaware that, with reference to the examples described in the embodimentsdisclosed in this specification, units and algorithm steps can beimplemented by hardware or a combination of hardware and computersoftware. Whether a function is performed by hardware or hardware drivenby computer software depends on particular applications and designconstraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art mayuse different methods to implement the described functions for eachparticular application, but it should not be considered that theimplementation goes beyond the scope of this application.

FIG. 9 is a possible schematic diagram of units of a transmitting deviceused in the foregoing embodiments. The transmitting device 900 includesa modulation processing unit 901 and a mapping unit 902.

The modulation processing unit 901 is configured to generate one layerof modulation symbol sequence based on a stream of bits, where themodulation symbol sequence includes N modulation vectors, any modulationvector A_(i) includes U modulation symbols, U≥2, N≥i≥1, and N is apositive integer. For an action executed by the modulation processingunit 901, also refer to the detailed description of step S201 shown inFIG. 2. Details are not described herein again.

The mapping unit 902 is configured to process the modulation vectorA_(i) by using a matrix B_(i) to generate a modulation matrix y_(i),where each modulation matrix includes T elements in a first dimension, Tis a quantity of space domain resources, T≥2, and the modulation matrixy_(i) is used to map the stream of bits onto the T space domainresources. For an action executed by the mapping unit 902, also refer tothe detailed description of step S202 shown in FIG. 2. Details are notdescribed herein again.

FIG. 10 is a possible schematic diagram of units of another transmittingdevice used in the foregoing embodiments. As shown in the figure, thetransmitting device 1000 includes a modulation processing unit 1001 anda mapping unit 1002.

The modulation processing unit 1001 is configured to generate L layersof modulation symbol sequences based on a stream of bits, where eachlayer of modulation symbol sequence includes N modulation vectors, anymodulation vector A_(i) ^(l) includes U modulation symbols, L is apositive integer and L≥2, N is a positive integer and N≥i≥1, U≥2, andl=1 . . . L. For an action executed by the modulation processing unit1001, also refer to the detailed description of step S701 shown in FIG.7. Details are not described herein again.

The mapping unit 1002 is configured to process A_(i) ^(l) by using amatrix B_(i) ^(l) to generate a modulation matrix y_(i) ^(l), where eachmodulation matrix includes T elements in a first dimension, T is aquantity of space domain resources used to transmit the stream of bits,T≥2, and the modulation matrix y_(i) ^(l) is used to map the stream ofbits onto the T space domain resources. For an action executed by themapping unit 1002, also refer to the detailed description of step S702shown in FIG. 7. Details are not described herein again.

Optionally, the transmitting device 1000 may further include asuperposition unit 1003. The superposition unit 1003 is configured tosuperpose the modulation matrices y_(i) ^(l) that are respectivelygenerated based on the L layers of modulation symbol sequences, togenerate a to-be-sent matrix. The to-be-sent matrix includes T elementsequences in the first dimension, and the to-be-sent matrix includes i×Uelement sequences in a second dimension.

FIG. 11 is a simplified schematic diagram of a design structure of atransmitting device used in the foregoing embodiments. The transmittingdevice 1100 includes a modulation processor 1101, a transmitter 1102, acontroller/processor 1103, a memory 1104, and antennas Tx₁ and Tx₂.

The modulation processor 1101 processes (for example, performs symbolmodulation on) coded service data and a coded signaling message, andprovides output sampling. The transmitter 1102 adjusts (for example,performs analog conversion, filtering, amplification, or up-conversionon) the output sampling and generates a to-be-sent signal. Theto-be-sent signal is transmitted to a receiving device by using theantennas Tx₁ and Tx₂. In an example, the modulation processor 1101 isconfigured to support the transmitting device in performing processes201 and 202 in FIG. 2; or the modulation processor 1101 is configured tosupport the transmitting device in performing processes 701, 702, and703 in FIG. 7.

The controller/processor 1103 controls and manages an action of thetransmitting device, and is configured to perform other processing thatis performed by the transmitting device in the foregoing embodiments.For example, the controller/processor 1103 is configured to control thetransmitting device to process data and/or perform another process ofthe technology described in this application.

The foregoing antenna can be a physical antenna or a logical port (whichcan be referred to as an antenna port) corresponding to a referencesignal. A plurality of antenna ports can be corresponding to onephysical antenna, and this is not limited in this application.

It can be understood that, FIG. 11 shows only a simplified design of thetransmitting device. In actual application, the transmitting device canbe a terminal or another terminal device, a base station, or anothernetwork device. Whether the transmitting device is a terminal or a basestation, the transmitting device may include any quantity oftransmitters, receivers, processors, controllers, memories,communications units, antennas (that is, T can be greater than 2), andthe like, and all transmitting devices that can be configured toimplement this application fall within the protection scope of thisapplication.

FIG. 12 is a simplified schematic diagram of a design structure of areceiving device used in the foregoing embodiments. The receiving device1200 includes a modulation processor 1201, a receiver 1202, acontroller/processor 1203, a memory 1204, and an antenna Rx₁.

The receiver 1202 adjusts a signal received from the antenna to provideinput sampling. The modulation processor 1201 further processes theinput sampling and provides coded data and a coded signaling messagethat are sent to the receiving device. Specifically, the modulationprocessor 1201 is configured to support the receiving device inreceiving a signal that is from the transmitting device and that isobtained through mapping based on the modulation matrix y_(i).

The controller/processor 1203 completes corresponding decoding accordingto a modulation and coding scheme and a mapping manner at each layer,controls and manages an action of the receiving device, and isconfigured to perform other processing performed by the receiving devicein the foregoing embodiments.

It can be understood that, FIG. 12 shows only a simplified design of thereceiving device. In actual application, the receiving device can be aterminal, a base station, or another network device. Whether thereceiving device is a terminal or a base station, the receiving devicemay include any quantity of transmitters, receivers, processors,controllers, memories, communications units, antennas (that is, T can begreater than 1), and the like, and all receiving devices that can beconfigured to implement this application fall within the protectionscope of this application.

The modulation processor or the controller/processor configured toperform the methods of the base station or the terminal in theembodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU),a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmablegate array (FPGA), another programmable logic device, a transistor logicdevice, a hardware component, or any combination thereof. Thecontroller/processor may implement or execute various example logicalblocks, modules, and circuits described with reference to contentdisclosed in this application. Alternatively, the processor can be acombination of processors implementing a computing function, forexample, a combination of one or more microprocessors, or a combinationof the DSP and a microprocessor.

Method or algorithm steps described with reference to the contentdisclosed in this application can be implemented by hardware, or can beimplemented by a processor by executing a software instruction. Thesoftware instruction can be formed by a corresponding software module.The software module can be located in a RAM memory, a flash memory, aROM memory, an EPROM memory, an EEPROM memory, a register, a hard disk,a removable hard disk, a CD-ROM, or a storage medium of any other formknown in the art. For example, a storage medium is coupled to aprocessor, so that the processor can read information from the storagemedium or write information into the storage medium. Certainly, thestorage medium can be a component of the processor. The processor andthe storage medium can be located in the ASIC. In addition, the ASIC canbe located in user equipment. Certainly, the processor and the storagemedium may exist in the user equipment as discrete components.

A person skilled in the art should be aware that in the foregoing one ormore examples, functions described in this application can beimplemented by hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.When the present invention is implemented by software, the foregoingfunctions can be stored in a computer-readable medium or transmitted asone or more instructions or code in the computer-readable medium. Thecomputer-readable medium includes a computer storage medium and acommunications medium, where the communications medium includes anymedium that enables a computer program to be transmitted from one placeto another. The storage medium can be any available medium accessible toa general-purpose or dedicated computer.

The objectives, technical solutions, and benefits of this applicationare further described in detail in the foregoing specific embodiments.It should be understood that the foregoing descriptions are merelyspecific embodiments of this application, but are not intended to limitthe protection scope of this application. Any modification, equivalentreplacement or improvement made within the spirit and principle of thepresent invention shall fall within the protection scope of thisapplication.

What is claimed is:
 1. A data processing method, wherein the methodcomprises: generating, by a transmitting device, one layer of modulationsymbol sequence based on a stream of bits, the modulation symbolsequence comprises N modulation vectors, any modulation vector A_(i)comprises U modulation symbols, U≥2, N≥i≥1, and N is a positive integer;and processing, by the transmitting device, A_(i) by using a matrixB_(i) to generate a modulation matrix y_(i), each modulation matrixcomprises T elements in a first dimension, T is a quantity of spacedomain resources, T≥2, and the modulation matrix y_(i) is used to mapthe stream of bits onto the T space domain resources.
 2. The dataprocessing method according to claim 1, the modulation vector A_(i)comprises V non-zero modulation symbols, and the matrix B_(i) comprisesT element sequences in the first dimension, at least one of the Telement sequences is a non-zero element sequence, the non-zero elementsequence comprises at least one non-zero element, the matrix B_(i)comprises V non-zero element sequences in a second dimension, and U≥V≥1.3. The data processing method according to claim 2, when the firstdimension is a row and T=2, the transmitting device processes themodulation vector A_(i) based on the matrix B_(i), and B_(i) is$\quad\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$ or B_(i) is $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$
 4. The data processing method according to claim 2, whenthe first dimension is a row and T=2, the transmitting device processesthe modulation vector A_(i) based on the matrix B_(i), processes amodulation vector A_(j) based on a matrix B_(j), i is not equal to j,N≥j≥1, and N≥2, B_(i) is $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix},$ and B_(j) is $\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$
 5. The data processing method according to claim 4, thetransmitting device further processes a modulation vector A_(m) based ona matrix B_(m), m is equal to neither i nor j, B_(m) is$\quad\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$ or B_(m) is $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix},$ N≥m≥1, and N≥3.
 6. The data processing method accordingto any one of claim 1, the U modulation symbols comprise at least onenon-zero modulation symbol and at least one zero modulation symbol.
 7. Adata processing method, wherein the method comprises: generating, by atransmitting device, L layers of modulation symbol sequences based on astream of bits, each layer of modulation symbol sequence comprises Nmodulation vectors, any modulation vector A_(i) ^(l) comprises Umodulation symbols, L is a positive integer and L≥2, N is a positiveinteger and N≥i≥1, U≥2, and l=1 . . . L; and processing, by thetransmitting device, A_(i) ^(l) by using a matrix B_(i) ^(l) to generatea modulation matrix y_(i) ^(l), each modulation matrix comprises Telements in a first dimension, T is a quantity of space domainresources, T≥2, and the modulation matrix y_(i) ^(l) is used to map thestream of bits onto the T space domain resources.
 8. The data processingmethod according to claim 7, the modulation vector A_(i) ^(l) comprisesV non-zero modulation symbols, and the matrix B_(i) ^(l) comprises Telement sequences in the first dimension, wherein at least one of the Telement sequences is a non-zero element sequence, the non-zero elementsequence comprises at least one non-zero element, the matrix B_(i) ^(l)comprises V non-zero element sequences in a second dimension, and U≥V≥1.9. The data processing method according to claim 8, when the firstdimension is a row and T=2, the transmitting device processes themodulation vector A_(i) ^(l) based on the matrix B_(i) ^(l), and B_(i)^(l) is $\quad\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$ or B_(i) ^(l) is $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$
 10. The data processing method according to claim 8,wherein when the first dimension is a row and T=2, the transmittingdevice processes the modulation vector A_(i) ^(l) based on the matrixB_(i) ^(l), processes A_(j) ^(l) based on a matrix B_(j) ^(l), i is notequal to j, N≥j≥1, and N≥2, wherein B_(i) ^(l) is $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix},$ and B_(j) ^(l) is $\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$
 11. The data processing method according to claim 10,wherein the transmitting device further processes a modulation vectorA_(m) ^(l) based on a matrix B_(m) ^(l), m is equal to neither i nor j,B_(m) ^(l) is $\quad\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$ or B_(m) ^(l) is $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix},$ N≥m≥1, and N≥3.
 12. The data processing method accordingto claim 7, wherein the method further comprises: superposing, by thetransmitting device, the modulation matrices y_(i) ^(l) that aregenerated based on the L layers of modulation symbol sequences, togenerate a to-be-sent matrix, wherein the to-be-sent matrix comprises Telement sequences in the first dimension, and the to-be-sent matrixcomprises i×U element sequences in a second dimension.
 13. Atransmitting device, comprising: a memory comprising instructions; and aprocessor coupled to the memory, wherein the instructions cause theprocessor to be configured to: generate one layer of modulation symbolsequence based on a stream of bits, wherein the modulation symbolsequence comprises N modulation vectors, any modulation vector A_(i)comprises U modulation symbols, U≥2, N≥i≥1, and N is a positive integer;and process A_(i) by using a matrix B_(i) to generate a modulationmatrix y_(i), each modulation matrix comprises T elements in a firstdimension, T is a quantity of space domain resources, T≥2, and themodulation matrix y_(i) is used to map the stream of bits onto the Tspace domain resources.
 14. The transmitting device according to claim13, the modulation vector A_(i) comprises V non-zero modulation symbols,and the matrix B_(i) comprises T element sequences in the firstdimension, at least one of the T element sequences is a non-zero elementsequence, the non-zero element sequence comprises at least one non-zeroelement, the matrix B_(i) comprises V non-zero element sequences in asecond dimension, and U≥V≥2.
 15. The transmitting device according toclaim 14, when the first dimension is a row and T=2, the modulationvector A_(i) is processed based on the matrix B_(i), and B_(i) is$\quad\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$ or B_(i) is $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$
 16. The transmitting device according to claim 14, whenthe first dimension is a row and T=2, the modulation vector A_(i) isprocessed based on the matrix B_(i), A_(j) is processed based on amatrix B_(j), i is not equal to j, N≥j≥1, and N≥2, wherein B_(i) is$\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix},$ and B_(j) is $\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix}.$
 17. The transmitting device according to claim 16, amodulation vector A_(m) is processed based on a matrix B_(m), m is equalto neither i nor j, B_(m) is $\quad\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$ or B_(m) is $\begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\1 & 0\end{bmatrix},$ N≥m≥1, and N≥3.
 18. A transmitting device, comprising: amemory comprising instructions; and a processor coupled to the memory,wherein the instructions cause the processor to be configured to:generate L layers of modulation symbol sequences based on a stream ofbits, each layer of modulation symbol sequence comprises N modulationvectors, any modulation vector A_(i) ^(l) comprises U modulationsymbols, L is a positive integer and L≥2, N is a positive integer andN≥i≥1, U≥2, and l=1 . . . L; and process A_(i) ^(l) by using a matrixB_(i) ^(l) to generate a modulation matrix y_(i) ^(l), each modulationmatrix comprises T elements in a first dimension, T is a quantity ofspace domain resources, T≥2, and the modulation matrix y_(i) ^(l) isused to map the stream of bits onto the T space domain resources. 19.The transmitting device according to claim 18, wherein the modulationvector A_(i) ^(l) comprises V non-zero modulation symbols, and thematrix B_(i) ^(l) comprises T element sequences in the first dimension,at least one of the T element sequences is a non-zero element sequence,the non-zero element sequence comprises at least one non-zero element,the matrix B_(i) comprises V non-zero element sequences in a seconddimension, and U≥V≥1.
 20. The transmitting device according to claim 18,wherein the instructions cause the processor to be configured to:superpose the modulation matrices y_(i) ^(l) that are generated based onthe L layers of modulation symbol sequences, to generate a to-be-sentmatrix, wherein the to-be-sent matrix comprises T element sequences inthe first dimension, and the to-be-sent matrix comprises i×U elementsequences in a second dimension.